Proof of Income for a Self-employed Mortgage

If you are self-employed, it can sometimes seem that the mortgage market is not tailored for you, especially mainstream lenders like high-street banks and building societies.

These lenders can sometimes be inflexible in how they assess non-standard mortgage applicants, like self-employed individuals. However, there are many lenders out there who cater to the needs of self-employed borrowers, with some who specialise in specifically lending to the self-employed and contractors.

Do you qualify?

NO CREDIT CHECKS!

Author's Avatar
Author: Carl Shave - CEO and co-founder
Last updated: 26 Dec 2024

Proving your income as a self-employed individual

As a self-employed individual, how the lenders verify your stated income for a mortgage is different to how they would assess a salaried employees’ income.

PAYE employees can provide a mortgage lender with copies of their payslips as proof of income. Furthermore, lenders may also contact the applicant’s employer to verify the employment details provided. However, for self-employed people, including freelance workers, contractors and limited company directors, lenders do not have this luxury.

There are two main methods mortgage lenders use to verify self-employed income. The first is via your companies full accounts. The other way is through your SA302 year-end tax calculations, usually along with the corresponding tax year overview from HMRC. Although, you should be aware that it’s not uncommon for some lenders to ask for both accounts and your SA302.

It is common for lenders to ask for the past 3 years’ worth of accounts and/or SA302s. However, some lenders, especially specialist self-employed ones, only ask for 2 years’ or even just your most recent year’s.

Even if you have been self-employed for less than a year, there may be lenders whose assessment criteria can accommodate your circumstances.

For people who are registered as self-employed with HMRC and submit a tax return each year, an SA302 is a summary of your year-end tax calculation. It will confirm the amount of income you have declared to HMRC for a tax year (April to April). You will be able to access the last 4 years’ of earnings once you have submitted your Self-Assessment tax return[1].

For mortgage lenders, this provides the required documentary evidence of your declared income, to comply with mortgage affordability rules set down by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). From this, they will be able to assess your mortgage application and use it to determine your borrowing.

To get copies of your SA302 you can use the government’s website to access your HMRC online account. From here you will be able to download and print copies.

An introduction to Self-employed Mortgages

Self-employed topics

No matter your income, if you're self-employed, contracting or a sole trader or partnership - we can help you.

Mortgage affordability for self-employed individuals

If you have provided, for instance, 3 years’ worth of accounts or SA302s, one lender may use the average of the last 2 years’ figures, while another might take the average of all three. Something else that will influence your borrowing is if your profits have increased or decreased over this period.

If your business has seen increases, it can allow you to borrow more, as a lender will have confidence in your business’s growth and your ability to keep up with larger payments. However, this does also work against you if your company has seen a decrease in earnings.

If you are a contractor, some lenders will ask for a copy of your current work contract, showing the agreed contract rate. They will then use the day rate to calculate an annual income figure.

For example: £500 day rate x 5 days x 48 weeks (allowing for holidays, etc.) = £120,000.

If you run your self-employed business as a limited company, things can be a little more complicated, as different lenders have different approaches:

  • Some lenders may only consider the actual salary you have drawn from the company as income.
  • Others may take account of income drawn from the company in the form of dividends as well
  • Some lenders may consider profits retained within the company structure.

Once the lender has obtained an income figure, by whichever means, they will apply a standard income multiple or assessment of affordability to determine the maximum amount you can borrow.

Once again, this differs from one lender to the next, but typically lenders restrict borrowing to somewhere in the region of 4–5 times the applicant’s income.

Find out what you could borrow

What documents will you need to apply?

Each lender may require slightly different things, however, to help you prepare we have put together a list of the most common documents you will need when applying.

  • Company accounts – must be certified by a qualified accountant and lenders may need up to 3 or 4 years’ worth.
  • SA302 tax year overview – lenders may ask for up to 3 or 4 years’ worth.
  • Bank statements – both personal and business statements will allow lenders to examine your income and expenses, as well as serving as proof of deposit.
  • Business plans – lenders may want to see projected business figures.
  • Contracts – evidence of previous, current, and upcoming contracts are usually required for contractors.

If you’re unsure about any of the documents listed above, feel free to get in touch. One of our expert advisors will be happy to discuss your circumstances over a free consultation.

Improving your chances of mortgage success

As discussed throughout this guide, it can be a little bit more difficult when applying for a mortgage as a self-employed individual compared to if you were in conventional employment.

However, with the right preparation and guidance you should have no issues. The below steps highlight some things you could do to increases your chances of being accepted.

Your credit score and history have a big influence over a lenders decision when applying for a mortgage. Your credit score will show a lender what type of borrower you are, with individuals with bad credit scores being seen as riskier borrowers compared to someone with a perfect score.

This means that if you are seen as a risky borrower due to bad credit, lenders may not be willing to offer you a mortgage. Therefore, we would recommend taking steps to improve your credit before you apply. You can read our complete guide on how to improve your credit in preparation for a mortgage application.

Being able to put down a larger-than-average deposit can work considerably in your favour when applying for a mortgage. Doing so as a self-employed individual can be especially beneficial as your income is already more complex.

Depending on other affordability areas, for standard residential mortgage, lenders typically want a minimum of 5–10% of the property’s value to be put down.

Although, if you are able provide more, in turn decreasing the loan-to-value ratio, lenders will be much more likely to offer you a competitive product. This is because they will be taking on a smaller risk as the loan amount will be reduced.

One final step you can take is to work with a mortgage broker, this is because brokers will have extensive knowledge of the market. On top of this, certain brokers, like us, have access to lenders that specialise in self-employed mortgages.

These specialist lenders have a better understanding of self-employed income, meaning you may have a better chance of success when applying through them. However, these lenders aren’t always available to the public, so a broker or intermediary is required to access them.

If you want to get started on your mortgage journey today, reach out and we will be happy to organise a free initial consultation.

Share useful information

SA302 FAQs

For people who are registered self-employed with HMRC and submit a tax return each year, the SA302 is a summary of your year-end tax calculation, confirming the amount of income you have declared to HMRC for the tax year from 6 April to 5 April. For mortgage lenders, this provides required documentary evidence of your declared income, to comply with mortgage affordability rules set down by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and to allow them to assess your mortgage application.

The SA302 tax calculation is a high-level overview and summary of the information you have provided on your tax return, and the amount you have to pay to HMRC for the relevant tax year. It shows the total of your declared income received from all sources including any salary, income from self-employment or partnerships, limited company dividends and interest. Your personal allowance and the total income on which tax is due are also shown. The tax calculation itself breaks down the income tax due and the applicable rates. It also shows the applicable National Insurance contributions due for the tax year.

HMRC’s systems can provide the past four years of SA302 tax calculations and corresponding tax year overviews – we recommend checking with the lender or your mortgage broker how many years are required, but if in doubt you are best obtaining the maximum four years’ worth (typically lenders will ask for up to three years, but this can vary between individual lenders).

There are various ways you can obtain these, depending on how you submit your tax return. If you submit your tax returns via HMRC’s online Self Assessment gateway, you can print out your SA302 calculations and corresponding tax year overviews directly from the online system. If you use commercial software to submit your tax return, then the tax calculation can be printed from the software. If an accountant submits your tax return on your behalf, then you should contact them for a copy.

At the time of writing, over 50 lenders accept SA302s that have been printed out from HMRC’s online system or commercial software, for the purposes of income verification for self-employed applicants. However, others may only accept original SA302s provided by HMRC. If this is the case, if you do not have a printer, or if you submit your tax return by post instead of online, then you can ask HMRC to send you your SA302 tax calculation.

You can request your SA302 by calling the HMRC Self Assessment helpline on 0300 200 3310, or by writing to Self Assessment, HM Revenue and Customs, BX9 1AS, quoting your National Insurance number and Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR). You should allow up to two weeks for the tax calculation to arrive, so it is important to take this into account when considering mortgage application timescales.

At Just Mortgage Brokers we have years of experience in helping secure mortgages for the self-employed, contractors and freelancers. We work closely with lenders to understand what documents they need for income verification for self-employed people, and can help you find the mortgage deal that is right for you. Contact us today to discuss how we can help.

Author's Avatar

Carl Shave

CEO and co-founder

About the author

Carl Shave has been involved in the mortgage & finance industry since leaving education and is one of the co-founders of Just Mortgage Brokers. He has written guest posts and provided journalist comments for companies such as The Times, FT Adviser, Mortgage Strategy, Mortgage Solutions and others, demonstrating his extensive industry knowledge.   Qualifications   Certificate in Mortgage Advice and Practice (CEMAP)   Year Attained: 2001   FCA Profile

Contact us

Request a call back from our team by entering your details below and we’ll be in touch soon.

Alternatively phone us on 01473 356 284.

All required fields are marked with an asterisk (*).

Contact us

Consent(Required)
This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.